Prostate cancer can be asymptomatic in early stages. Even though it is
the most common cancer in men over 50, two-thirds of men in that age group
are not getting screened. And, despite the annual campaign for Prostate
Cancer Awareness Month, 68% of men cannot identify a single symptom.
An estimated 1-in-8 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their
lifetime. However, the rate in Louisiana is 32% higher than the national
average. Alarmingly, African American men face an even greater risk.
On a positive note, when detected early, the five-year survival rate for
men with prostate cancer is 98%. Even when cancer is diagnosed, doctors
may recommend a wait-and-see approach rather than immediate treatment.
What is the prostate?
The walnut-size prostate gland sits in front of the rectum and just below
the bladder. It primarily produces fluid in semen including a liquid protein
known as prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The gland also helps regulate
urine flow and balance male hormones.
PSA levels serve as markers for prostate cancer screenings. Levels <4.0
ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter) are considered normal. Levels of 4.1
to 10 ng/mL increase risk. Anything >10 ng/mL indicates high risk.
Sometimes men can have a normal PSA and still have cancer. Elevated PSA
levels can also be caused by other non-malignant conditions.
What are warning signs?
As men age, they should watch for warning signs such as:
- Changes in urination like weak or interrupted stream, difficulty starting
or stopping urination or pain when urinating
- Frequent urination especially at night
- Blood in urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
- Painful ejaculation
- Pain in lower back, hips, pelvis or thighs
How to reduce risks?
While aging can't be stopped, certain lifestyle changes can reduce risks:
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid processed foods
- Follow healthy, plant-based diets
- Limit red meat and sugary beverages
- Move your body daily
- Manage stress
- Get enough sleep
- Be proactive and discuss screening with healthcare provider
What does screening involve?
Screenings, along with simply paying attention, help men support their
prostate health. The American Cancer Society recommends the following
guidelines for men to discuss PSA blood tests with their doctors:
- Age 50 for men at average risk
- Age 45 for men at high risk including African American men and those with
a father or brother diagnosed with prostate cancer
- Age 40 for men at higher risk who have more than one first-degree relative
diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age
Elevated PSA levels may prompt the doctor to follow up with a digital rectal
exam, imaging test (MRI or ultrasound) or even a prostate biopsy.
Discuss the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening with your healthcare
provider. For more information contact Thibodaux Regional Cancer Institute,
985.493.4008.